Swedish researchers have conducted a study examining how seven types of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) affect the risk of cardiovascular disease in women ages 50 to 58. Published in the November 2024 issue of the British Journal of Medicine, the study tracked nearly 1 million women from 2007 to 2020 and revealed that the risks vary significantly depending on the treatment method and type of hormone used. For instance, no increased risk of cardiovascular disease was found for transdermal HRT treatments, which include skin patches, gels, and creams. Conversely, combined estrogen-progesterone taken orally raised the risk of blood clots, such as deep vein thrombosis, at a rate of seven per 1,000 women annually, and oral administration of the synthetic hormone tibolone was linked to an increased risk of heart attack and stroke. Tibolone is used in Europe but is not approved in the United States. The researchers emphasize the need for women to consult their doctors for tailored HRT advice.
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